Organ Donors Essay Example for Free

Organ Donors EssayAlmost every superstar would want to be able to say, I have saved a life. But by becoming an pipe harmonium donor, you can be able to say, I will save a life. Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients delay for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far in any case many die before they are provided with a suitable organ.There are many stigmas related to organ donation, but most of them are relatively false, and in order to be well informed, you must know what organ donation is, how it works as well as how you can become an organ donor and what organs or tissues you can donate. Becoming an organ donor after death is not only an important decision for yourself, but it is withal an important decision for the l ife that you may have the power to save. (Finn, Robert) II. Body A. What organ donation is and how it works I.Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another. Organs you can donate include kidneys, heart, colored, pancreas, intestines, lungs, skin, bone, bone marrow, and cornea (the front part of the eye). (medlineplus) II. Organ donations usually occur for patients with kidney failure, heart disease, lung disease, and cirrhosis of the liver. For patients who take a kidney or a liver, a living donors organs can be utilized, since we are already born with an extra kidney and the liver is regenerative.However, if the patient needs a heart, lung, pancreas or cornea, the organ needs to come from a deceased donor. (discovery health) III. A transplant is usually the last course of serve in the treatment of a patient, but if the patient is willing and able, it can be a good option. If the patient consents to an organ transplant, doctors p ut the patients name on a list by the United Network for Organ Sharing, or UNOS.

Community Assessment Essay Example for Free

Community Assessment EssayA eachiance assessment gives emphasis on evaluating agencies, residential district members and schemes so as to learn more about circumstances within such company of interests. The goal of confederation assessment is to gather pertinent information from a personal toss or drive through the community, from different battalion and conventions within the community as well. This paper give focus on a community in the state of brand-new Jersey called Parsippany troy weight Hills aka troy Hill Parsippany, Parsippany. The goal of this paper is to assess the Parsippany Troy Hills community and the assessment will focus on aspects of the community including health and safety. Parsippany Troy Hills lies in the Newark piedmont basin in a county called Morris county. The community was first formed by European settlers in the 18th cytosine which before was occupied by indigenous Americans. The name Parsippany came from a Native American word parispanon g, which means the place where the river winds through the valley. Parsippany-Troy Hills township is located at 405135N 742524W40.859636N 74.423348W (40.859636,-74.423348). accord to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a fit bea of 25.394 square miles (65.771 km2), of which, 23.563 square miles (61.029 km2) of it is land of which is covered with city streets, restaurants, parks, shopping perfumes, schools, houses that range from old and condemned to new and expensive and 1.831 square miles (4.742 km2) of it (7.21%) is water. As of 2010, the universe of the community was 53,238 reflecting an extend of 2,589 from the 50,649 counted in the year 2000 census which had in turn increased by 2,171 from 48,478 counted in the 1990 census. As of the year 2000 which marked the total commonwealth mentioned above, 19,624 households and 13,167 families were residing in the community. The population density was 2,115 nation per square mile. There were as well 20,066 caparison units with the density of about 838.1 per square mile. The Township usually has a humid temper with cold winters and very warm hot summers. It is usually cooler compared to other communities in the state of New Jersey at night and early in the morning with record lowest temperature recorded at -29 F and record high of 104 F. The township of Parsippany has everything a community needs to survive so closely people do non even travel outside(a) the community.Most of the businesses in the community are independently possess and make a motion by the members of the community. Troy hills have been a very quiet and peaceful community according to community members apart from the issue of domestic help violence among a focused company in the community. My overall impression about the community is a positive one because my family owns a house there and I visit there oft and from my experience, it is very peaceful and quiet compared to my other community in New York. Most people hav e lived in the community for years without travelling outside their township. When I asked some why, the response I got was there is everything in Parsippany so why go outside the community to get something. There is elegant much every store and restaurant that one can think of in the township, lining up a coarse the towns major street (route 46). Driving along route 46 I came across supermarkets exchangeable Shoprite, Wall mart, Costco, Bravo and a couple of other small supermarkets. There is similarly a long stretch of segment stores like TJ max, marshals, Sims, Burlington coat factory and many others.There is also a mall (Morris Hills Mall) which is 10 minutes drive that has other shops like clothing stores, and movie theaters. Also along route 46 and Beverwyck road which are the 2 main roads of the community, I came across some launderettes and dry cleaners where some members of the community do their laundry. There werent many people in these Laundromats because most people in the community own washers and dryers in their homes so they do their laundry at their homes which I think was very good because it prevents overcrowding in the Laundromats. I also came across some beauty salons and barber shops in the community where some people were getting their hair cut and done and others were getting their nails and feet done (manicure and pedicure). Parsippany also has multiple parks where people go exercise, play sports, host picnics and barbeques and also hung out. At one of the parks that I visited, I saw a group of Indian residents playing volley ball and another mixed race group of blacks, Latino and Chinese young adults playing basket ball which I joined to play with them.There were other people also exercising, some running others doing push and pull ups. Parsippany also has a lot of organizations whose leaders are stakeholders in the community. Most of these organizations are there to offer garter and support to community members in need. Three ou t of the many organizations that really gained my interest were the Womens familiarity of Troy hills, Puzzle Pieces A disjoint and separated support group and the Panic and Anxiety club. I became very interested in these trio organizations because they hosted a joint meeting at the united Methodist perform which is located at 903 S Beverwyck road, to talk about issues on domestic violence. I found it very shocking that host of the leaders and members were actual victims of domestic violence. I had the opportunity to attend that joint meeting and was very shocking to get wind some of the stuff these women actually go through. They were very supportive of each other.In terms of religion, Roman Catholicism is the Brobdingnagianst faith followed by Anglican Church and other Christian faiths including Baptist, Church of God and Pentecostal. Other religions include Islam, Hinduism, Jewish, Buddhism, and some Eastern religions. The community has incorporated all these different fait hs and has helped provide places of worship for these unlike religious groups. When it comes to the issue on transportation, the main means to get around is by driving so therefore most residents own a car. The community also has a free transit system for residents which operates Monday to Friday from 9am to 4pm. Two buses run on the hour starting from the main shopping nub (Morris Hills Mall) to Brookside senior have-to doe with. The buses run both East and West routes respectively. Troy Hills Parsippany host educational facilities starting from primary level to college level.These are some of the schools I came across in the community Troy Hills elementary school, Rockaway Meadow elementary school, North Vail elementary school, Mt Tabor elementary school, Mt Tabor elementary school, Lake Parsippany elementary school, Littleton elementary school, Knollwood elementary school, Lake Hiawatha elementary school, Intervale elementary school, Central middle school, Brook lawn middle s chool, Parsippany High school, Parsippany Hills high school and Morris County Community college. Also the community has an adult learning center which provides adult and community. In Parsippany, health authorities see to it that they provide quality service to ensure quality life among the residents. Parsippany benefits from an extensive medical cranial orbit, world screen medical institutions and research facilities. The objective of Parsippany health flush system is to ensure the health of its residents. Parsippany public health system conducts different programs and activities to integrate relevant health indicators. Parsippany has twain major healthcare facilities which are the Hillside Medical center and the Morris Town medical center. Hillside medical center provides commodious care in cardiac operate that includes marrow squash stat, an interactive heart center and arrhythmia treatment center.They also have an emergency department that handles level 2 trauma cases. The Morris town medical center is a facility that provides urgent care, becomeers compensation and a board range of occupational health and preventative services. They also specialize in burns, wound healing, fauna bites and dermatological bothers. The community also has other healthcare centers which focus on specific ambits of health. I came across health centers like Immediate Care psychiatrical Center and Greystone Park psychiatric center which focuses only on issues related to mental health. The community also has agencies both offstage and government run who provides care for the elderly and sick in home settings and nursing homes. As mentioned earlier, the community covers about 29.394 square miles of city streets, shopping centers, parks, schools, healthcare facilities and houses. Parsippany is a unique area because of the diversity of land usage.Most of the houses have large yards and are neatly kept by landscaping companies. Going west, the houses reduce in size nevert heless still appear well kept. In the northwest area which is along route 46, the houses turn into stores and fast food restaurants. Almost every street I came across or drove on in the community was tarred and the sidewalks were neat and well maintained. Sanitation in the community was a big problem 5 years back according to one local resident due to the increase in restaurants along N Beverwyck road which is occupied loosely by the Indian population in the community. According to a resident who lives among the Indian population, there has been a rapid increase of the Indian population which led to increase in businesses being opened, most of which are restaurants.This led to increase in roaches and rats around that vicinity due to left over foods form the restaurant not being properly disposed and less garbage pickups. The usual trash pickup in the community used to be twice a calendar week (Mondays and Fridays). This problem was brought to the mayors (Mayor Barberio) office and a meeting was conducted with restaurant owners and policy makers which led to a decision being made to increase pickups. The community was the divided into 6 districts and a schedule for pickup was developed. The schedule changes month to month. Below is the actual schedule for garbage pickup for the month of DecemberThe Parsippany police force department is a civic service organization consisting of over 100 sworn in police officers. The department is divided into four main divisions Patrol, investigative, support services and professional standards. Each division is led by a captain and supported by the following chain of commands lieutenants, sergeants, patrol officers and civilian personnel. According to one police officer I spoke to, most calls the department recovers were linked to domestic violence which he mentioned is high among the Indian population in the community. The Parsippany fire department is also working 24/7 to protect the lives and properties of the people o f Parsippany and surrounding communities as well. The primary responsibility of the Fire Prevention Bureau is to enforce the New Jersey State Fire Code, ensuring that the residents and firefighters of Parsippany are precondition the proper level of protection. The Bureau, through public education, code enforcement and emergency response, provides the public with protection of life attri thate and the environment. Troy Hills Parsippany is a multiracial and very cosmopolitan in many ways.The racial makeup of the community is about 74% white, 4% African Americans, 0.5% Native Americans, 18% Asians (mostly Indians), 2% pacific Islanders and about 3% Hispanic. Herein English is the official and most common language and other languages spoken include Hindi, Bengali, Chinese, Spanish, French and Akan. The most people I men in the community were adults between the ages of 22 to about 45. I also met some teenagers who were between the ages of 13 to 18 and also children ages 3 to about 8.Mos t of these people were among the group of people I met on the playground. I walked to one of the communitys playgrounds and I met a large group of adults (mostly Indians) playing volley ball. I also saw a group of African American and Hispanic teenagers and adults playing basket ball which I joined to play with them. In Parsippany the difference in economic status lies in a wide range of educational levels income and occupation. About 68% of the population is employed with about 21,000 males and 12,000 females holding some form of employment status.The most popular profession if the community is in management of professional occupations. Second largest biography field is in sales and secretarial work. Other occupations include maintenance, healthcare, transportation e.t.c. The median household income is about $107,144. According to the residents, living in the community makes them discover safe and secure. In addition to the financial stability of the community, the residents are enjoying a state of the art with regards to their healthcare facility needs. Each service offered is given expeditiously and responsible healthcare workers see to it that patients or healthcare seekers are satisfied with service offered. According to one senior citizen I came across, living here has given him the security when it comes to assuring health and quality living. Most of the local business owners (restaurant owners) were also happy with living in the community because business is good as most of the m responded due to the increase in the population along the location of their businesses. Troy Hills Parsippany offers numerous service organizations in the community.Mew Directions in an organizations that helps with providing housing and career developments for the unemployed and needy to find jobs whiles Partners in placement another organization helps everyone over 18 years in finding employment. The Upper board Empowerment helps senior citizens with low income, nursing h ome residents and orphanage children by providing financial assistance, food and clothing. The Parsippany Troy hills womens club offers assistance to women in the community especially victims of domestic violence or abusive relationships. Puzzle Pieces A divorce/ separated support group also helps people faced with divorce and separations in their marriages who were mostly victims of abusive relationships. Other organizations consist of Lifeblood, Lupus foundation of America, National alliance of the mentally ill (NAMI), YMCA and YWCA. Not only are these service organizations but most of these organizations are also allowing community volunteer. For example, volunteers can be counselors to help guide the YMCA and YWCA, The Upper room for Empowerment and the New Directions.These organizations bring to the attention issues in the community and make change by involving the community. One organization that has a large impact not only on the Parsippany community but communities all over is Lifeblood. Lifeblood is a nonprofit blood center with objectives to reduce dependency on paid donors, establish a pre deposit blood assurance program, work toward a more even flow of donations and develop roster of donors with rare types of blood. The two main healthcare facilities which are The Hillside Medical center and Morristown Medical center are being operated by the state government. So is the Graystone park Psychiatric center. There are also a large variety of privately owned and operated clinics and agencies that also provide care for the community. The Song Medical clinic owned and run by an Asian physician Dr Song who also is a resident of Troy hills. The mobile diagnostic testing of NJ LLC is also a private organization whose main focus is diagnostic testing. There is also a private rehabilitation center called the Morris rehabilitation and physical therapy center which specializes in chiropractic, physical, speech and occupational therapy, automobile accident care. They also provide treatments for lower back pain, spot pain, headaches, motor vehicle accident injuries, sports related injuries etc. The Morris Pediatric Care LLC is another healthcare agency found in the community which is committed to providing subtle medical care for infants, children and adolescents. This healthcare facility is privately owned and run by Dr Aradhana Rajkumar. The facility although is privately run, has affiliations with other hospitals. There are also homecare agencies that help provide assisted living and total care for older adults both in nursing homes and patient homes. Some of these agencies are A Place for mamma and dad, Synergy home care, Brookside senior center, Cheshire home etc. There is also a door to door and fixed route transportation offered by the Morris area paratransit system (MAPS) to senior citizens and the sick for them to go up and down, to doctors appointments and so on. There is also Access a Link transportation system offered by the N J transit which operates in the same manner.Being able to live in a community which is considered to be a quality and persistent community not only in the state if NJ but the country as a whole is a great honor for its members. With great healthcare system which sees to it that the community members and neighboring communities receive quality care. Even though the residents are happy in their community, there is one big problem which causes a assay on the community and that is the rise in domestic violence among a specific focused group which happens to be the Indian population in the community. Domestic violence in short has been part and fabric of many societies and culture worldwide. It is so commonplace, in fact, that is has often gone unnoticed and failed to receive the level of attention it deserves in light of the devastating effects it can have on children and families. It is normally hard to get a clear reckon when it comes to issues on domestic violence since most cases go unreported in the community with common reason relating to issues like immigration status and cultural beliefs.According to the Parsippany police department, the number one crime in the community is domestic violence. Between 06/12/0212 and 10/28/2012 there has been 12 reported cases tether to three deaths which were linked to domestic violence. Domestic violence is rising so rapidly to the extent that the next lines of businesses are law firms focusing on cases of domestic violence. Just by walking through the community, I came across about 15 different law firms with their banners stating almost the same thing We specialize in domestic violence and abuse cases. Most of the cases in the community have to do with physical forms of abuse but domestic violence in familiar can be psychological, emotional and sexual as well. As a nurse in this community, working with victims of domestic violence to resolve and eradicate this strain will be my number one priority and this can be do ne using the different levels of population health care (primary, secondary and 3rd prevention) and health promotion. Primary Prevention The goal of primary prevention is to intervene before domestic violence occurs by removing the cause and preventing the development of riskiness factors.This is mostly done through teaching. My main focus will be introducing the Indian population in the community to new thinking processes, coping mechanisms (since stress is a causative factor), and relationship skills that does not incorporate violence and thats will promote healthy non violent, trust and supportive growth of relationships. Also using the media and hosting forums in schools, churches and community centers to create awareness and the effects of domestic violence and also to show community how to respond to domestic violence situation if they should face it. supplemental Prevention This level of prevention is very beneficial because as a nurse in the community I would arrange home visitations high risk families and provide support for family members identified as being at high risk of preparing or becoming victims of domestic violence.Also offering crisis support and individual counseling to individuals exposed. Also identifying exposed individuals at earliest possible level and providing appropriate services essential. Provision of services for children exposed to domestic violence, including age-appropriate counseling, supportive services, and services for the nonabusing parent that support that parents role as a caregiver, which may, as appropriate, include services that work with the non-abusing parent and child together. Also providing assistance in ontogenesis safety plans, and supporting efforts of victims of domestic violence, to make decisions related to their ongoing safety and well-being is very essential. Tertiary Prevention At this level, special services will be offered for those identified with domestic violence example home visitations with abuse victims and their children, and also providing temporary housing for victims and protection orders against abuser because they need some conviction off from those abusive relationships to heal emotionally.Children who bear witness to domestic violence often show emotional and behavioral problems and it is my responsibility as a community nurse to provide mental health services to address underlying trauma. Also involving the community is very relevant to addressing issues on domestic violence. Intensive police, judiciary and community collaboration to address situations on domestic violence is very beneficial. Also referring victims to support groups in the community such as the Womens Club Troy Hills, Puzzle pieces and The Panic and Anxiety groups which provides support for domestic violence victims. I strongly believe that with these measures in place, domestic violence which it the biggest strain of the people of Troy Hills Parsippany will be a thing of the past just like the sanitation issues on the community has become.

Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Organizational Change EssayStructure for Multinational Corporations Converting a business into a Multinational governing body is a labyrinthine task as it involves controlling of multiple variables with the internal and external environment of the corporation growing considerably. In order to make the task of structuring the organization easier, many multinationals simply opt to organize their business according to their geographic location and the placement of their internationalist operations. This form of an organizational structure is simply known as the geographic based structure.However other forms of organizational structuring are also realizable like worldwide functional, worldwide product, international division, area, and matrix structures. (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) It is also possible for a multinational organization to have a mixed type of organizational structure which is a combination of the above mentioned structure types. The reason for this is because no organization has a finite environment and as a result it experiences different personnel dynamics.Some of the complications which come ab verboten due to these personnel dynamics are that there may be uncertainty about who has the authority over certain lasts, especially if dual relationships exist with line and staff personnel. Managers may continue to use old labels even though the organization has changed or a structural type may be referred to before it is completely in place. (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Problem StatementThe problem that has been identified for the multinational corporation in this case is the lack of a proper chain of command for authority and delegation, which is required. This core that the organization now needs to be structured in order to have a systematic f low-spirited for operations and account both in the international locations and well as the local ones. Factors Effecting Multinational Corporations The factors that are affecting this org anization particularly relate to the diversity in its international locations which is going to decide the organizational design.The changes in organizational parameters such as size, diversity, hostile activity, and personnel deployment patterns often lead to shifts in multinational structure. (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Other factors that influence the structure of the organization include the culture of the personnel in the working at the international locations, their work ethics, the training provided to the locals in the international locations, the kind of operations being carried out in the international location and the priority of these operations relative to the worldwide operations of the business.The Stopford and Wells model helped in identifying that multinationals with a low percentage of foreign sales and product diversity usually have structures based on the international division while those having higher degree of product diversity and low percentage of fo reign sales are based on worldwide product division structures. The international strategies involve relatively high percentages of foreign sales and the supporting structures tend to be high integration structures (Egelhoff, 1980).Organizational Structure for the Organization The symptoms of the problem mentioned above show that the staff of the organization at the international location is demoralized and has no sense of belonging to the organization. This is true due to the undefined disposition of the corporation. By specifically identifying the chain of command and authority levels, a link between the international branches and the head office leave behind be created which will help in encouraging a sense of belonging and theatrical role in the personnel.The structure of this organization will be such that the center of command and operations would be the head office in the U. S. There would be regional division based on the geographic location with a regional head office in every region. These regional head offices will be observe the operations in countries which come under their jurisdiction. In this manner, the reporting in the organization will be hierarchical, with the international operations reporting to their regional head quarters and the regional headquarters reporting to the head quarters in the U. S.Using this hierarchy, their would be localized operations in all(prenominal) country with a code of conduct dictated by the headquarters in the US. This will allow for cultural diversity in the international operations and help satisfy the personnel that they are not second class to those in the U. S. office. As the regional head office will be monitoring and controlling operations in the countries which come under it, the complaints and conflicts between the international operations will be handled by the regional head quarters whose decision would be much more acceptable to the personnel in the international offices.This kind of organizatio nal structure will be matrix in nature where is will be dependent on the geographic location of the operations as well as the functionality of the operation divisions. Organizing as a matrix helps keep going the gap between the international divisions inherent weakness and the commitment for fully integrated operations. (Herbert, 1984)

Trends and Changes in the Legal Industry

Trends and Changes in the legitimate IndustryA Report issued for Samantha at PLS to discuss the trends and potential changes in the sound industry alongside financial analysis of the firm and a nonher competitor. Future investment opportunities argon also discussed as well as general advantages and disadvantages.The Legal Sector and BrexitBritain opting to leave the europiuman Union shook the country last year. The uncertainty surrounding Brexit has left legal professionals around the world nervously awaiting its impact on the commercial world. During the two year negotiation period legality firms volition be awaiting news of a punishing or fluffy Brexit and move on establishing how each potential kayoedcome could implicate their knobs.1.1 A hard or easy Brexit?A hard Brexit wold involve Britain giving up full phase of the moon access to the unity merchandise and losing all rights to free movement within the EU. However, commerce would be regulated by the World Trade Or ganisation suggesting that on that point would be no confusion politically about the withdrawal from the EU.1 On the other hand, a soft Brexit would entail staying closely involved with the EU and tutelage access to the single market. This would follow S ceasedinavian models whereby there is no membership of the EU exactly still access to the single market via the European sparing Area.1.2 How Financial Services could be affectWithin the commercial world, financial serve up would be one of the atomic number 18as most affected by a hard Brexit because logical argumentes would lose their passport rights to operate in the EU. London is currently ranked as leading in financial services, thinking that Britain has a large trading surplus in the EU2. 7.7% of the UKs GDP is from outputting financial services with over 1.1 million employed in the industry and two thirds of them working outside London3. in that locationfore, losing access to the single market would affect many bus inesses and consequently clients of large commercial firms.The UK financial service sector has been considering loopholes if a hard Brexit is initiated. As banks are mostly affected by losing EU passport rights, alternative options are universe considered if the UK did leave the single market with no deal negotiated (essentially a worst-case scenario situation).4 Insurance and As sit focussing are less affected because they tend to be part of a global industry, for example, Lloyds of London5. However, many banks including HSBC, JP Morgan Chase, UBS and Morgan Stanley are standing by to move thousands of employees to countries within Europe ahead of negotiations taking place.6A report issued by Shearman and Stirling suggested that there are various ways of trading with the EU without needing a passport7. Some of the main loopholes being discussed areReverse solicitationDelegation of fund management/outsourcing of servicesConduit entitiesBack to back trading8Back to back trading is the most prevalent of the four listed. Banks would sell its services from a local anesthetic entity to EU clientele but would then transfer to the UK immediately after9. A drawback is that this is a short term solution, but can give law firms to a greater extent(prenominal) time to find a long term alternative. EU regulators are also probable to frown upon loopholes when they pull up stakes be relied upon by firms to carry on trading under a hard Brexit. 10Essentially it is difficult for large commercial law firms to plan exactly how they are going to deal with the injustice of passport rights. However, it would be honest if the UK attempts to convince the EU-27 that keeping financial markets open across the Channel is a matter of interchange fitting interest because fragmenting Londons Ecosystem would lead to high(prenominal) costs for everyone involved.111.3 The Technology sectorBrexit will likely cause little affect to the engineering science and innovation sector on the premise that the UK stays in the European Economic Area. However, if negotiations mean that the UK fully detaches from the EU, then changes to this sector, as with many others, will be more wide-ranging12. Nevertheless, it must be remembered that there are successful countries operating outside of the EU. Norway is a prime example and has a strong presence in the technology and innovation sector without benefitting from EEA tax incentives, research, development, investment and funding.13More specifically intellectual property rights are mostly unaffected because they are not regulated by the EU. However, data guard is a hot topic of discussion. It remains to be seen if businesses within the UK will still be allowed to collect sale natural process data via subsidiaries in the EU and whether the UK adopts the General Data Protection Regulation. 14Technology has the same potential threats as financial services and the two year negotiation period will conclude the following chapter f or the legal industry. However, it must be remembered that regardless of the outcome, advice and expertise of commercial lawyers will still be needed.Financial Analysis of PLS and FFSPLS 2016PLS 2015FFS 2016FFS 2015ProfitabilityReturn on seat of government employed50.35 %10.5048.77%10.4891.08%10.9181.07%10.81Return on sales27.99%10.2727.10%10.2731.05%10.3132.26%10.32Asset utilisation symmetry11.8011.8012.9312.51Liquidity and solvencyCurrent ratio12.6312.9012.1412.40Liquid ratio12.6312.9012.1412.40EfficiencyCreditor age191.82 days160.28 days174.12 days164.38 daysDebtor days233.08 days209.64 days198.05 days188.01 days tune days0000InvestmentGearing52.80%10.5244.37%10.4479.90%10.7966.28%10.66Return on equity48.66%10.4847.24%10.4787.20%10.8778.26%10.78Interest cover0000ProfitabilityLaw firms are increasingly using usefulness to measure their firms success rather than tax income. This is because profit is a more accurate version of how the firm, large or small, is doing financially. Law firms are ranked by revenue so it is understandable to focus on this, but often profit points/ burning(prenominal) data can be overlooked. A law firm is a business and must always aim to improve profitability. 152.1.1 Return on capital employed (ROCE)ROCE is a ratio that measures how successfully a company is good turn its capital invested into profit. A higher percentage indicates a more effective use of capital and therefore an increase in shareholder value. When comparing revenue, FFS has a much higher yearly figure than PLS but its revenue has dropped profoundly in just one year (70m).In 2016, FFS turned 91.08% of its capital into profit, which is a large improvement from the previous year which measured at 81.07%. The large percentage of profit stemming from capital investment may be due to a higher bar of reserves being re- weared back into the business. FFS seem to be using their share capital in a more financially beneficial way than PLS by retaining their reserves r ather than distributing them all to members. This may be because recent investments in new positionings needed funding. Eventually, FFS will be striving for a larger shareholder value.PLS has not seen a significant increase in ROCE (less than 2%). This suggests that substantial investment is not occurring. Instead they are using local firms in China, and not reinvesting profit for the financial year available for division amongst members. It may diminish their revenue for a while but investing in new offices like FFS could eventually improve their profitability and shareholder value.2.1.2Return on sales (ROS)The ROS is a measure of how much profit is being formed per jampack of sales. FFS suffered a decrease in their ROS by 1.21% which may be because of their loss in operating profit.Comparatively, PLS improved their percentage by 0.9% from 2015-2016. Where FFS nurture seen a significant increase in staff costs, PLS mother only seen a lowly one. Where FFS have suffered a large decrease in turnover, PLS have seen a minor one. PLS may have also focused more attention on the 6 profit points and lessened expenses to improve their overall profitability. PLS is unlikely to be underperforming as it is converting a similar amount of company revenue into profit as FFS, even though FFS has a much higher turnover.2.1.3Asset utilisation ratio (AUR)The AUR for PLS has not increased from 2015-2016. This would be because they have not invested in the firm to gain more asset appreciation. Generally, the higher the AUR, the better the company is performing because it would be generating more revenue per pound of assets. FFS have invested in new offices meaning the general equity has decreased significantly since 2015. The equity at PLS has barely changed suggesting a higher inefficiency to deploy assets in order to generate a higher revenue.2.2 Liquidity and Solvency2.2.1 Current ratioThe current ratio portrays the health of the business. A ratio in a higher place 1 but no higher than 3 suggests efficiency in utilising assets. Both firms are within this bracket but in 2015 PLS came close to 3 suggesting that they are not investing assets back into the firm as efficiently as they could. This however reduced significantly the next year.2.3 Efficiency2.3.1 Debtors daysDebtors days is the measurement in days that a firm will sell to collect cash from debts. Both firms have rising debtors days but it would take PLS longer to receive debts owed as the days have grown by 25 compared to FFS with only 10.It is well known that rush clients can be a long process and usually the cause for lengthy debtors day results from firms. However, clients could also be asking for longer or contrary credit terms create the rise for both firms. PLS could take into account purchasing new software to speed up the billing process, generally improving timekeeping and tracking firm financials more acutely to improve their figures.2.4 InvestmentReturn on equity ( roe)The RO E depicts a firms profitability regarding how much profit is made from money shareholders have invested. ROCE and ROE come hand in hand because ROE analyses how much profit is being made from shareholder investment where ROCE assesses how much shareholder investment has foregone into the company.FFS have a much higher ROE, which has increased by 10% in the year 2015-2016. PLS have barely seen an increase in growth suggesting that they are not investing their equity efficiently enough. Although FFS have suffered a massive reduction in revenue and remuneration to members, their investment from equity seems to be remunerative off. In 2016 87.20% of shareholder money transferred to profits whereas PLS only saw 48.66 %. Potentially investing globally with equity money could benefit the overall profitability of PLS.3. outline and the legal industryAll Industries change how they conduct business when assessing potential and current trends in their environment. This is often done by usin g analytical tools which further evidence changes to strategic positioning.3.1 PESTELPESTEL is a tool used to identify different trends of the legal macro environment. Politically speaking, Brexit is the most current threat to the legal environment. As a result of a hard Brexit the economy may suffer because large corporations are likely to move outside of the UK. 16This means that the economy will not only suffer from loss of business but lack of investment. Brexit has already caused many firms to hold off further investment, which may be wherefore PLS are considering opening a new office outside of the EU. The tightening of the government purse will also have an effect on firms, oddly in the energy sector where less contracts have become available.17Social persuasions include the changes in loyalty of clients because it is much easier to shop around and recognise different firms. It is in the interest of fee earners to keep their clients satisfied so they dont lose them to oth er firms.There has been a significant boom in software and technology recently. Clients of law firms who previously would have sought legal advice now have access to the internet and free online legal tools. However, on a more autocratic note firms have typically improved timing and efficiency because of billing and database software made specifically for law firms. 18Most firms have also reduced the amount of paper being used because this is more attractive to environmentally conscious clients.The Legal Services Act 19has meant that accountancy firms such as Deloitte and PWC have wide their own in house legal departments. Consequently, large commercial firms have lost clients and further gained competitors. Brexit may also cause loss of employment rights, lessen unitings and acquisitions and could cause various laws to be changed.3.2 Porters five ForcesPorters five forces is a tool to assess how competitive forces shape strategy and ultimately profitability. This methodology wa s initially apply to the legal industry, but seemed to defy the competitive pressures outlined in Porters article, whereby it still experienced a rapid rise in profitability.20 However, recent changes in the legal industry has led to re-evaluation regarding the use of the five forces tool, to gain an insight into the competitive market of law.The bargaining power of suppliers usually refers to the firms employees, as they do not have suppliers in the typical sense. There has been a growing amount of legal talent throughout the past three years 21which means that firms have been able to reduce fee agreements. For example, instead of hiring more solicitors a firm may choose to hire experienced paralegals which would cost significantly less. Although this is positive, it does mean that recruiting fees are higher and may cause retention rates of staff to be lower.The power of buyers is the most commanding part of the five forces in terms of competitive strategy. Firms have seen less cu stomer loyalty and less dependency from buying local for legal services.22 Legal research charges have also been removed from overall billing which is costing firms millions in added cost.23The threat of new entrants relates mostly to smaller firms using technology to give legal services on the same level as larger firms.24 This is because technology now allows this, and smaller firms charge significantly less. As PLS is an international firm it may at some point wish to enter a foreign market but some are saturated and are therefore hard to enter and be successful.The threat of substitute products and services has changed because of the Legal Services Act 25 This means that many companies who would have otherwise used law firms, are now investing in their own in house legal departments. Deloitte, an accountancy firm have done this and have subsequently saved in legal fees26.This all adds to the most important aspect of the five forces rivalry amongst existing competitors. However, with trends in the market changing rapidly, further threats in relation to other competitive measures are equally as important and making the market more complex. As in house becomes more popular (6 billion dollars in the US market in 2 years) 27and client loyalty lessens, firms need to acknowledge that new service models create separation from rivals and provide the uncontested market space necessary to limit the impact of Porters Five Forces on their operational strategy28Organic growth vs MergersPotential Merger with a local firmIt is seen that mergers and acquisitions (MAs) are one of the principal ways in which organisations can achieve rapid growth.29 They benefit from economies of scale and therefore lower overheads which means cutting costs significantly. Commercial benefits include instant access to client databases and loss in competition with the firm chosen to merge. As PLS are also looking to set up in culture completely different to that of the UK, it would be potenti ally very beneficial to have access to experienced legal professionals already based in Shanghai who understand the market and clients.The burst of activity in the last quarter protagonisted make 2016 the second-best year for dealmakers since the financial crisis.30 Therefore, more firms are seen to be merging in order to eliminate photo and to make themselves truly global rather than just international. Norton Rose recently merged with Texas Fulbright and Ashurst with Australias Blake Dawson. Meanwhile, SJ Berwin became the first ever UK firm to join arms with an Asia-Pacific firm, King woodwind Mallesons, in 2013.31 As PLS are friendly with local firms who they pay for their services, there may be an option for a potential merger with them. It would also mean that PLS do not have to pay to set up their new office in Shanghai which would save a significant amount of money.There are stakes involved with potential mergers. When two companies decide upon this option they may lose aspects of their taint which could cause an array of disadvantages including loss of clientele. It will also likely mean that they have less controller over the business and its future. Given the importance of interaction with their foreign customers, PLS should opt for a high degree of control over their foreign market entry mode 32and a merger does not necessarily give this.4.2 Setting up a new office in ShanghaiOrganic growth is known to be expanding the business from the inside rather than the outside (MA). The economic benefit for PLS of investing in a marcher office would be that they do not have to pay local firms for their service. They can build their own client database, promote their own brand and have full control of the office. Businesses that grow organically can control their rate of growth and normally face less cultural and integration challenges than those that choose an inorganic strategy.33 However, they may face cultural challenges with clients.The risks of org anic growth lie in expansion that outpaces the ability to effectively manage, stretches resources too thin, strains capital, or diverts focus from the business core mission34. It would cost PLS a substantial sum of money to invest in the office and is the most expensive of the foreign market entry options. class 0Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Cash flows (000)(1000)1,50017502,2002,6502,900Present Value(1000)1,071.42892.86801.75689.82539.21 clear Present value 2,995,000.06The investment will add 2,995,000.06 of value to PLS and therefore the office in Shanghai is worth potentially investing in. However, there are some risks involved with the NPV calculation. It does not consider unforeseen expenditure and is often based on estimates. It therefore does not fully account for potential risk in investments costs, discount rate and projected returns.Essentially, each investment holds significant risk because both a potential merger and buying a subsidiary office are very drastic forms of e xpansion. Other options such as purchasing a stake in an associate office or forming a best friend alliance may fit the needs of PLS more substantially. 35Further, they may then decide upon organic growth or a merger once they have definitive evidence that the high risk will benefit the overall firm.BibliographyLegislationGeneral Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679Legal Services Act 2007Secondary SourcesArticlesDowney, J, (2008) Mergers and acquisitions, Topic Gateway Series No. 54Blomstermo, A, Sharma, D, (2006) Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms, International Marketing Review, Vol. 23 Issue 2Internet ArticlesKuntz B, EYVoice Organic vs. Inorganic Which way to grow? Forbes (14 January 2014) accessed 20 February 2017Fontella-Khan J and Massoudi A, MA boom set to continue in 2017 Financial times (29 declination 2016) accessed 20 February 2017Cooke A, Trends affecting the legal profession (Chambers student, 20 July 2016) accessed 19 February 2017Sims A, Wha t is the difference between hard and soft Brexit? Everything you need to know (The Independent UK Politics, 3rd October 2016) accessed 10 February 2017M Arnold, Banks tuition loopholes to enable UK branches to sell to EU clients, (Financial times, 02 February 2017) accessed 14 February 2017Katz T and others, Brexit What impact might passing the EU have on the UKs financial services industry? insights DLA piper global law firm (DLA Piper insights, 27 June 2016) accessed 14 February 2017Reynolds B and others, Brexit and compare Review of the Financial Services Framework Across All Sectors (Shearman and Sterling LLP, 10 August 2016) accessed 16 February 2017Rao K, PwC report reviews state of global financial market liquidity (PWC News releases, 12 August 2015) accessed 14 February 2017Patrick F, Porters Five forces applied to the legal industry (Thompson Reuters Elite, 9 January 2014) accessed 10 February 2017Smith L, Porters Five forces are in truth relevant to law firms ( Bloomer Law Big Law Business, 19 March 2015) accessed 10 February 2017Rebeiro M, Impact of Brexit on technology and innovation (Norton Rose Fulbright, 21 December 2016) accessed 10 February 2017Saunders P, Black J, and McNicholls K, http//www.legalfutures.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/developing-legal-talent-2016.pdf (Deloitte, February 2016) accessed 14 February 2017Strong F, Porters Five forces for the legal industry (LexisNexis Business of Law Blog, 7 May 2014) accessed 16 February 2017Samuelson, S.S. and Fahey, L. (1991). Strategic planning for law firms the application of management theory. 52 U. Pitt. L. Rev 435Booth S, How to ensure UK and European financial services continue to thrive after Brexit (Open Europe, 17 October 2016) accessed 16 February 2017Millard R, beyond the box How to realign your firms business model (Solicitors Journal, 27 June 2012) accessed 16 February 2017The 6 Profit Points of Every Law Firm Taking control of data to help increase your firms profitab ility, (LexisNexis Law Firm Practice Management WHITE PAPER SERIES, January 2013) accessed 16 February 2017DeclarationI declare that The work in this assessment was carried out in accordance with the Regulations of The University of Law. The work is original except where indicated by acknowledgement or special reference in the text, and no part of this assessment has been presented by me or anyone else to any University or body for examination either in the United Kingdom or overseas. I have not conducted research involving benevolent participants for the purposes of this workDate 23rd February 2017Word Count29961 Sims A, What is the difference between hard and soft Brexit? Everything you need to know (The Independent UK Politics, 3rd October 2016)4 M Arnold, Banks study loopholes to enable UK branches to sell to EU clients, (Financial times, 02 February 2017) accessed 14 February 20175 Booth S, How to ensure UK and European financial services continue to thrive after Brexit (Op en Europe, 17 October 2016)

Introduction To Tourism In Italy Tourism Essay

Introduction To Tourism In Italy Tourism EssayItaly came into existence in the 9th century BC with Rome as powerful peachy. Initially it was consist of Os piece of ass, Umbrains and Latin. It was a huge hub of science, social science and arts. Italy initially was given by Grecian settlers. In 2009, the population of Italy has crossed the bar of 60 million. It is the fourth largest populous country in the Europe. And it is the 23rd populous country in world. As utmost as population density is concerned it has almost 200 persons living in the every square kilometer of Italy.If we go on geographical look then its area is around 301,338 square kilometer. It is divided into 20 administrative regions that includes Abruzzi, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Remagna, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Tos crappera, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Giulia, Lazio,Valle dAosta, Veneto, Sicilia, Friuli-Venezia and Basilicata. If we come across the birth rate then it is aro und 9.78 births per second in 1000 muckle which is comparatively largeHistoryItaly has al focal points been fashionable amongst phaetons. People cast been visting it for ages unless first visit by phaeton can be cited as the aristocrats during the Grand Tour. This started in the late 17th century and kept on growing in the 18th century.Rome was especially customary among early tourists due to its reputation of being the bully of powerful and influential Roman Empire. The city was a major attraction and thousand of tourists visited the city every year. People came from Mediterranean, Northern Africa, mainland Great Britain and part of Middle East. Country was excessively popular as a trading site and traders and merchants came to Italy from several(prenominal) different move of the world.Italy can be geographically segregated as followsNorthwest ItalyThis city is famous for the historic cities such as Turin, which is often cognise as the manufacturing capital of Italy. Ci ty of Milan is withal situated here. Milan is famous all over the world for being the fashion and business capital of Italy. This part of Italy also includes the im behaviorant port of Genoa .Northeast ItalyThis part is also popular among tourists and has galore(postnominal) attractive tourists destinations such as cities of Venice, Verona, Vicenza, Padua, Trento,, Bolzano, Ferrara, Piacenza and a few others. It also boasts of several mountain ranges such as Dolomites, the Carnic and Julian Alps and very popular ski resorts like Cortina dAmpezzo and Madonna di Campiglio.Central ItalyThis area includes the major tourists attraction and is one of the most visited amongst others.It includes cities such as Florence ,known as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and also cities with rich cultural heritages such as Lucca are located here.Southern ItalyNaples is the most popular tourist destination in this area. It also includes areas such as Amalfi Coast and Ravello,Apulia and the beaches and sights of Calabria.Though this part of Italy is not that popular as a tourist destination still agritourism is changing the face of tourism rapidly and it is increasingly becoming popular.SicilyThis is the largest island in the country and a very popular island amongst tourists. It is famous for its archaeology,seascape and Sicilian cuisine.SardiniaThese are large islands containing several popular tourist attractions such as beaches and archaeological ruins.Tourism Destination of ItalySince we are more than focused on tourist side then sure it bring abouts important to us to include the largest populous cities of Italy which are Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo and Genoa. Among other major Italian cities the most populated having more than 250,000 inhabitants are Bologna, Florence, Bari, Catania, Venice and Verona.The national language of Italy is Italian but other regional languages are also spoken on various degrees. We will have different climate from south to north in Italy. We can expect very cold winters and very hot summer with very harsh climate during may. Now there is one more tenableness why Italy is so famous just because of its famous cuisine like thin and crispy Neapolitan pizza and Sicilian pizza. It is simple and evenly distributed in four to eight integrands. In Italy we use Euro that is equal to 1 US Dollar. In terms of Dinar 1 Euro= 0.33 Kuwait Dinar. Italy has a very higher(prenominal) degree of infrastructure and it is well connected by expressways, national highways, airports and seaports. Overall in Italy we have 136 International Airport and railway system is spread in rough 20,000 kilo meters. Virtually all the cities and towns are connected by buses and taxis which moves round the clock. Italy has many charming and unusual towns and historic moments that can be considerably tapped in Italy. Italy is one of the modern cities of Europe and it is having secular government. Today nearly one fifth of the population of Italy professes to be either Atheists or Agnostics, while a lot of the remainder of people in Italy who do profess any religion. Italians are warm, welcoming people who love to relax, celebrate and socialize with family and friends. They usually find reasons for celebrations and relaxation. They have passion for talking and eating. Italians like to socialize outside and they also believe in small gathering. Now a day, in Italy a new emergent business trend is tourism that is having a turnover of around 80 million dollars per year.Italy is the fifth most popular tourist destination of the world .It averages about 46.1 million tourists every year.It is only behind France, USA, China, and Spain in terms of popularity among tourists.Italy is well known for its richness in art, cuisine , history , fashion and culture.Its geography contains hanker and comely coastline and beaches ,huge mountains and monuments.Tourism is a huge contributor in GDP of Italy .It is also one of its fas test growing industrial sector whose profit is in the range of $43 billion.Tourism organizational structureTourism has become a great stinting factor in the growth of a country. It has become all the more important since the exponential rise in leisure mobility. Cultural heritage has become pivotal for the tourists .Museums, churches, historic landscapes, urban parks, and exhibitions attract many visitors and historic-cultural amenities have seen a large wave of tourists.While this boom in the growth of tourists has been a positive impact on the local economy, such mass tourism also brings certain negative elements such as over-crowding, poor quality of life and local identity crisis. This tourism dilemma is more conspicuous in cities with rich cultural past such Naples etc.Violent crime rates are low in Italy compared to other European countries. holidaymakers need to be a little careful and use common sense and they should not encounter personal safety risks even in the less(pren ominal) affluent neighborhoods of the large cities .There are four types of police forces in ItalyPolizia di Stato, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza, Polizia municipale. Their style of dressing varies among the cities but they are easy to spot due to their comparable and marked carsThe operating sectors conducting business at the destinationsWith the population of more than 60 million, millions of tourists visit Italy every year to spend their holidays, enjoy the beaches and the see the sights like list tower of Pisa and also to get taste of an Italian lifestyle. As per the Foreign affairs ministry of Italy, this industry explicates more than half of the Italian GDP, also has impact on the employment and development or construction industry.Major attractionsThe northwest Italy region, it consists of Italian Riviera, the Portofino and the Cinque Terra. These are the major historic cities of the Italy, the Turin is also called the manufacturing unite of Italy also resides in this pa rt. This part also includes Milan, which is the famous business and fashion destination of the world. The other major attractions include landscapes of Lake Como area.The other major destinations include the Lazio and the Abruzzo city of central Italy. The Apulia and the Calabria city in southern Italy and the Sicily and the Sardinia Island around the southern Italy.Business DestinationsThe major destination of Italy is Milan, also called the fashion and business destination of the world. The other major business destination is Turin, which is the also known as the manufacturing city of Italy.Business TravelThere all types of business travel are present in Italy, you can stir Italy by air, and all major flights come to Italy. You can choose variety of services offered by the airlines companies as per the business. There is also train route offered by inter-countries of Europe. So there of travel opportunities present to reach Italy.Lodes/AccommodationsAll the major international b rand restaurants and hotels are present in the major tourists destinations. You will find all types of accommodations like luxurious hotels, rented apartments and lodes. All kinds of accommodations are present as per the financial need. The Italian people are also known for its hospitality so ample opportunities of accommodation available at major tourist spots.Future for the destinations and the benefits to each communityThere is huge impact of tourism in the GDP of the Italy, as per the Ministry of Foreign Affairs half of the GDP of Italy is comes from tourism industry. The impacts of tourism on various sectors are given belowThe tourism industry of Italy has a lot of impact on the educating the peoples as these provide likelihood to lot of peoples in the form of tour operators. So tourism also plays an important use in educating local people to get advantage from this industry. callable the tourism there is lot of developments happening day by day in the real estate, to get all modern equipments available for the tourists like world class restaurants and accommodations.Tourism has also created ample employment opportunities for the people residing near the major tourist destinations like in the form of guides, hospitality and etc.So in the near future due to major developments and role of government in protecting the historic buildings of the country would lead to further development of tourism industry. So it is going to reach bigger height in the near future.Problems Created by Customers/Tourists in ItalyBeing one of most desired tourist destinations in the world, Italy has to face a number of problems related to the tourism. Tourism is not always favorable when various other aspects of it, is also included. There are somewhat significant problems which emerge due to the tourism. Mentioned below, are some of major problems at different tourist destinations of Italy, caused by he customers and touristsProblem of vandalism and over-crowding in RomeRome is famous for its rich architectural heritage. But due increase tourism the problem of vandalism has increased. Some of important and beautiful monuments are tampered and disfigured by some notorious tourists. Rome being the capital of Italy welcomes a huge number of tourists every year. The major problem faced by Rome is over-crowding. There places have become very crowded which has also resulted in the problem of heavy traffic.Problem of pollution in VeniceThe city of Venice faces lots of problems due to the excessive tourism. The flooding of the canals and lagoons with the polluted water is an alarming problem. Due to increased number people, cloaca system is severely affected, with in turn pollutes the canals and lagoons. The tourists who come to attend concerts or expos cause heavy littering. Increased number of vehicles results in parking problem.Problem of inflated prices in SicilyFamous for its beautiful countryside and well preserved towns Sicily is affected frugalally by t he increasing tourism. The prices of basic commodities and products have increased due to external influence which is a negative outcome for local residents and students unrelated to tourism business. Increase in the land pollution and congestion of delineate roads are some other problem created by the tourists.Problem of increased fantastics in NaplesThe incoming tourists produce a lot of additional waste which has increased the environmental pollution in Naples. Increased garbage, polluted air and water bodies are some problem aroused by tourists. resolutions to the Problems at Tourist DestinationsTourism industry is an important contributor to the GDP of Italy. The problems caused by the tourists must be dealt with a proper manner without any negative impact on tourism. Mentioned below, are some of the solutions to the highlighted problems mentioned aboveProblem of vandalismSolution Installing close circuit cameras near the monuments to catch perpetrators, increasing number of guards to secure the area, make more severe laws regarding vandalism.Problem to overcrowding and trafficSolution Put time restrictions on the tourists from outside countries for entrance in major cities like Rome, Venice, and Naples. Use of customary transportation should be make mandatory for the tourists. The private transportation vehicle must only be issued in group to decrease the number of vehicles on road.Problem of heavy litteringSolution Ban the use of any substance that causes littering, inside a concert or expo. Create proper garbage collect site near centers of concerts and expos. Increase fine for littering. Appoint extra man power to stop such notorious tourists.Problem of pollution of water bodiesSolution Improvement of sewage system of major cities, structuring it to handle the sewage generated by the population double the size. Create accommodation for the tourists at the edge of the cities. Create sewage treatment plants large enough to handle increased inflow o f sewage.SummaryItaly has a rich cultural heritage and it is a heaven for the tourists who love art. The beautiful mountains, lakes and landscapes make it a perfect place for the tourists to spend their vacations. The accommodation facilities are very good and affordable. The transportation system is favorable for the tourists, connecting all the major tourist destinations together. The crime rates are low which makes it a safer place for the tourists. The Grand Tour Italy is a very nice facility which allows tourists to visit and enjoy popular destination of Italy in a cost effective way. The cultural and political environment is favorable to the tourists from different countries all over the world. The flourishing tourism has made Italy to pay some external cost too. The residents are fleeing away from the island due to excessive inflow of tourist. The tourism industry has also replaced some small but significant economic sectors.ConclusionItaly is among the top tourist destinatio ns of the world and the tourism industry is an important part of nations economy. The recent economic crisis has indeed slowed down the inflow of tourist, but the tourism industry is still flourishing in Italy. It has made a good recovery from the recent worldwide economic slowdown. Italy also faces the problem of excessive tourism, which has made some negative impacts. The major cities of Italy have been facing the problem of overcrowding and the pollution of all sorts. The problem of heavy traffic, congestion of urban areas, and increase in amount of wastes is rising at an alarming rate. The historical monuments and places are being highly exploited, which can lead to their degradation in coming years. The cultural influence by the outside tourists has diluted the culture of the region and the history is being distorted. But the tourism department of Italy has gone to great lengths to facilitate its tourists. They are discovering new historical places for the art loving tourists. Although they are among the best in the world, they still need to make some changes and take some innovative steps for the sustainable development of tourism industry.RecommendationApart from giving a boost to the economy, tourism industry of Italy has also had some negative impact. This study has highlighted some significant setbacks of excessive tourism. The government should create a proper channel to pool back the profit generated form tourism. The funding for the care of important monuments must be increased. Some of structures are in fragile condition which needs special care. The inflow of tourists must be kept in check to minimize the problem of congestion and overcrowding in major cities. The tourists can be provided with an e-card to enter major tourist destination and should be charged for the same. This way the government can electronically monitor and control the flow of tourists. Through the use of latest information communication technology tools, the tourism depart ment can create a central base for handling all the tourism activities. The development of a central base to guide the tourists and provide them help through phones and computers can prove to be very beneficial for the Italian tourism department.Comparison between Italy and SpainThe Spaniards and Italians peoples can be said as culturally similar countries, their way of approaching and greeting each other is also very similar. But both countries have lot of differences in terms of political, economic and historical we will compare both these countries in these grounds.The Spain is a political entity since form centuries may be starting of 1400 century and it had a well-established colonial empire. The Italy has got just republic and was not a colonial empire.Due to this Spaniards are having senses of Solemnity as compared to Italians on this ground. So they are probably more self-control as compared to Italians.From economic point of view both Spain and Italy are always associated with struggling investment conditions sometimes even threat of having bankrupt. On comparison Italian economy is stronger and prospering than Spains economy.In terms of tourism industry, it is only relevant income generating business activity of Spain. Tourism is also a major portion of GDP for Italy but it have also major industries like fashion industry etc. which are major players.On the basis of tourists come, in Spain tourist are in general came for spending vacations and holidays. But in Italy people mainly come to experience the lifestyle and architectures of the ancient monuments.

Computer Graphics Effect On Animation

Computer Graphics Effect On AnimationThe history of information processing system energy bear be traced certify many decades to such requires as Peter Foldes 1971 film Metadata, or even a 1968 attempt by Soviets to animate a cat. It was in the 1980s, however, that the techniques became much widely substance ab practised and the sedulousness truly began to experience big commutes in how things were done. The advent of this new technology meant that machines could do more of the work, much like with the use of robots in manufacturing. While this machinery is a godsend for productivity, it brings with it concern for peoples jobs and the survival of the traditional way of doing things. One animator by the name of Bill Kroyer brought these concerns to the forefront in 1988 with his have animated interpretation of the ongoing development of this threat. Bill Kroyers Technological affright serves as an excellent metaphor for the advent of computer life sentence and how it affec ted the bread and butter industry and validity of the fears it brought forth.From its infancy up until recent decades, traditional animateness techniques were the only methods of energy available before the advent of more powerful computers. much(prenominal) of it requires severally frame to be hand-drawn or, in the case of s aggrandisement motion, each character or object has to be sculpted and moved little by little for each frame that is captured. It is tedious work. These traditional techniques take a lot of snip and patience to do successfully. Throughout the decades there have been attempts to asperse the work involved with life story, such as the introduction of cel animation which put characters and objects on clear celluloid which would then be animated on top of a background image. This meant that a background would only have to be made once, whereas beforehand it had to be redrawn completely with each passing frame. Another time-saving institution came in the for m of Walt Disneys multiplane camera system, which took cel animation even further by making the creation of depth much easier by separating and moving each person part of the scenery in figureently and at varying distances from the camera. make up with these advancements, however, the same traditional techniques were required to actually animate anything. Computers brought forth a drastic change in the playing field, basically turning the art into a science.Soon one of the first instances of computer animation would come in 1960 when John Whitney certain his analog computer to make title sequences for movies and television, using surplus anti-air guidance hardware from World War II. While computers became widely used in animation during the 1980s, there were still quite a few instances of it in the preceding decades, starting with the aforementioned machine developed by Whitney. The computer technology of the time was rather limited and therefore usually only used for experiment s. For instance, Peter Foldes used the first implementation of key frame software to create Metadata in 1971. While it entailed the use of a data tablet, which was surprisingly temperrn for the era, it was limited to two-dimensional animation and could only show simple take in drawings of objects in a couple of colors. This film was merely experimental, however, and was followed 3 years later by Hunger in 1974, which was intentionally done in black and white line drawings. Computers would quickly become powerful enough to render much more realistic imagery, as was exemplified by Loren Carpenters Vol Libre which he presented at SIGGRAPH in 1980, a computer graphics conference held annually. It used fractals to generate breathtaking mountainous scenery and instantly landed him a job at Lucasfilm.Of the animators that worked during the era that computer animation became more widespread, one particularly interesting perspective is that of Bill Kroyer. Bill got his start in animation i n the mid-1970s, just before the computer rotation of the 1980s. He originally was denied a job at Disney, but would later be hired by them in 1977, during a time when Disney Animation, and the animation industry as a whole, was in the midst of a slump. He did not stay with Disney long, as he soon left to work with Steve Lisberger on Animalympics. The major milestone in Bills career, however, came in 1982 when they developed Tron which they teamed up with Disney to work on. As Kroyer himself put it, Tron was the beginning. It was the moment when computer graphics made its first contact with the animation industry-like the sperm and the egg. It was neat, because nobody had ever done it before. There were no experts around (Kroyer). It was the first time computer animation would be used so extensively on a feature film, and it became almost a prophecy of what would develop in the coming years. Jobs that used to take hundreds of people to do, such as motion picture backgrounds, can n ow be accomplished cheaply and quickly by using computers. While Kroyer enjoyed working with computers to animate, he longed for the illusion of hand-drawn cartoons and decided to start Kroyer Films with his married woman in 1986 with the intention of combining traditional and computer animation. He became a pioneer in combining the two techniques.While Kroyer was skilled at animating, he was also knowledgeable about writing computer programs, and developed one with his wife that could use a plotter to draw out the computer animations on paper. Such use of computers for animating made many animators begin to fear it taking over and forcing them out of their careers. In response to these fears, Kroyer made Technological Threat in 1988. In it, a group of hand-drawn cartoon dogs are employees at a company and are threatened by their seemingly inevitable heir by highly efficient robots, which are computer animated. This paranoia culminates into a struggle for survival that ultimately e nds in the last remaining dog employee taking cumulation his now-robotic boss with the help of one of the robots, which he proceeds to double-cross to eliminate the threat altogether, leaving him the only remaining employee, the top dog as it were. The film was essentially about traditional animators ultimately working in harmony with this new technology and ultimately being highly successful in their careers, perhaps more so than they would have previously. The dog protagonist, symbolic of traditional animators fearing the loss of their job, defies the odds and in the end triumphs, rising in rank to become the new boss. The robots demo the computers used to do computer animation, appearing innocent and diligently going about their work, but ultimately are no less susceptible to losing their jobs than the dogs are. Kroyers coming to animating goes against traditional animators fears by combining both methods and using them to their fullest potential. According to the theories of Paul Wells, this film would be considered developmental animation, as it maintains many traditional aspects of Orthodox animated films but mixes two different styles of animation in a more modern approach. According to him, Developmental Animation operates as a mode of expression combining or selecting elements of both approaches, representing the aesthetic and philosophical tautness between the two apparent extremes (Wells, 35). There was no doubt a tension between the two approaches during the time this film came out. Kroyer goes on to explain that, despite this new and highly capable tool, the artistic vision of the animator is still critical to a films success. Computers are merely another tool in the animators arsenal.Throughout the 1980s, computers went into widespread use, from businesses to residential homes. These machines revolutionized everybodys lives and had far reaching effects on many peoples jobs, not just those of animators. While computers have increased producti vity almost everywhere, they have threatened to eliminate many jobs and force many to either learn to use the new technology or remain unemployed. It is truly a situation where we are made to keep up with changes in the workplace or else risk of exposure being left behind in a dust cloud of our own stubbornness. This was an especially trying time for many animators as computers had finally reached the evince where they would be practical to use in animation. But unlike many jobs that were completely taken over by computers, animation allows for the coexistence of computers with traditional techniques.Understandably, one would call back traditional animation to be doomed through the development of this amazing new technology. This could not be farther from the truth, however, as traditional animation remained unafraid through the 1980s and continues to grow. In fact, it has seen a sort of revival in recent years. In 2009, Disney released The Princess and the Frog, their first tra ditionally animated feature since they made ingleside on the Range in 2004. During the 1990s, the Disney Renaissance brought us multiple wildly successful films using traditional techniques, including such films as The Lion King and Mulan. Even with the monumental success of Toy Story in 1995, Disney continued to make traditionally animated films on a yearly basis even by and by the end of the renaissance in 1999. While the renaissance did die out and Disney seemingly put traditional animation on the backburner after Home on the Range, they have shown us that it really is not dead after all with Princess and the Frog and has promised to release a traditionally animated film every 2 years from now on. Similarly, Hayao Miyazaki, a highly acclaimed animator from Japan, has built his career off of creating fantastical feature films primarily using traditional animation, and has won unhomogeneous prestigious awards for his creations. Since creating Princess Mononoke, he has begun to implement computer animation in some sequences of his films. Despite this, he retains traditional 2D cel animation as his primary modal(a) of choice.Through all of this it is also important to note that traditional animation still continues to garner critical acclaim insofar as receiving awards and nominations for awards. The medium, while requiring a greater amount of labor and time, still produces many high quality films worthy of critical praise. For instance, Disneys recently released Princess and the Frog was propose for a Golden Globe, and Miyazaki has been nominated for or won awards for a lot of his films. Bill Kroyer was also nominated for an Acedemy Award for Technological Threat. This just goes to show that the look of traditional animation is not seen as obsolete and can be beautifully done, as has been shown for countless decades.Another important aspect of these two techniques to consider is the overall cost of yield for films that use either technique. There has bee n a growing misconception that computer animation is far more cost-effective overall than traditional animation. While this is true in some instances, in actuality it is subjective to the films being compared. One good comparison to make that disproves this fallacy is between two feature films released by Disney stiffly and Mulan. Bolt was Disneys CGI major feature released a couple of years ago in 2008, while Mulan was their traditionally animated feature of 1998, which happened to come out towards the end of the Disney Renaissance. both films have about an hour and a half of runtime. There is a staggering difference in production computes, however. While Mulan carried a production budget of 90 million dollars, Bolt had an astonishingly large budget of 150 million, 60 million more than Mulan This clearly shows that the cost of production is subjective to the film being worked on and can change in favor of either computers or traditional techniques. Despite the hype for computer a nimated features following the massive success of Toy Story in 1995, there have been CGI films that have been less than successful, such as Final Fantasy The Spirits Within in 2001. This film, despite having ultra-realistic CGI and a budget of 137 million dollars, was a total flop, with revenues not even covering the production costs for the film. A films financial viability can depend on many factors, like the quality of what is being animated, and of course how it is marketed, but that is another issue entirely. In short, CGI-animated films can be cheaper than those made with traditional animation in some cases, but often can cost just as much if not more. The costs of each are comparable to each other, the only major difference is traditional techniques tend to take longer.Much like in any other industry, computers drastically changed the way animation can be done and people feared losing their jobs because of the changes brought forth by them. But, as is exemplified by Kroyers f ilm Technological Threat, there is little need to fear the future. Today, traditional animation and computer animation coexist and are often even used in combination on some films. Traditional animation remains a prominent form of animation to this day, and continues to grow with new animators joining the ranks. Computer graphics is not meant as a replacement for the old fashioned hand-drawn and ascertain motion styles, but rather another tool in their box of tricks. Just because one owns a drill does not make a screwdriver obsolete. They each have important purposes as well as advantages and disadvantages. After all, a tool is only as good as the person trained to use it.

Around The World In Eighty Day :: essays research papers

Around the World in Eighty DaysBy Jules VerneAdventure NovelThemeThe themes of this novel are calmness and persistence. These two themes are exemplified by peerless character, Mr. Fogg. Mr. Fogg is always calm in the novel not once in this novel does he show any concern or nervousness. Mr. Fogg, under a prolific amount pressure of losing a toy of twenty cat valium pounds, remained very tranquil never once to stick out his state of mind. The second theme of this story is persistence, shown by Mr. Fogg. Mr. Fogg never gives up on wager of a prolific amount of money, precisely twenty thousand pounds. As the odds turn against him he remains on his path and does not give up. His persistence in the end pays off and Mr. Fogg wins his wager, on who The reclaim Club will pay. But did he really achieve a goal by making this unbelievable trip around the world in an astonishing eighty days.SettingThis novel takes place in the late 1800s, approximately 1872. Mr. Phileas Fogg lived at No. 7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens. As the story progresses on and one little wager is made, a trip around the world changes the setting of this novel many a times. Some of these settings are London, Suez, Bombay, Calcutta, Hong Kong, Yokohama, San Francisco, and New York. Clearly though one the most important settings was in the Indian forests, which were passed through, in order to pursue to Kandallah. The Carnatic and the Mongolia were also key settings to the novel.PlotIn the 19th century, a man by the name of Phileas Fogg, made a wager that he would be able to travel the world in approximately eighty days. At the time of his wager he was looking for a servant. He put together a servant by the name of Jean Passepartout. These two came to the understanding that Fogg was the master and Passepartout was just a man. His master told Passepartout that they were leaving immediately to travel around the world and told him to pack a carpetbag. Then new means of funds were given by The everyday Telegraph, who decided that the trip had a shot. Then a detective by the name of Fix sent a telegram to the commissioner saying that he found the robber and needed a warrant immediately, if not sooner. As Fix boarded the Mongolia, Passepartout approached him.